What was a significant outcome of the National Covenant signed by Covenanters?

The National Covenant, signed by Covenanters in Scotland in 1638, was a pivotal document that affirmed the commitment of its signers to uphold the Presbyterian system of church governance and resist attempts to impose Episcopal authority. By signing this covenant, the Covenanters explicitly rejected the imposition of the English Prayer Book and the authority of bishops over the Scottish church.

One significant outcome of this covenant was the guarantee of religious freedom for Scottish and English Presbyterians. It represented a collective assertion of the right to worship according to their beliefs and maintain their religious practices free from control by the monarchy or the Anglican Church. This notion of religious freedom was crucial as it not only protected the rights of Presbyterians but also set a precedent for the separation of church and state dynamics in the region, allowing a degree of liberty in how individuals could practice their faith without governmental interference.

In contrast, the other options either reflect outcomes that did not directly result from the National Covenant or concepts contrary to its intentions. The covenant did not lead to the establishment of the Episcopal church in Scotland, nor did it ensure the immediate acceptance of church governance as conflicts continued. Additionally, it did not mandate civil government control over the church; instead, it emphasized the independence of church governance from state