What type of monasticism did Bernard of Clairvaux advocate against?

Bernard of Clairvaux strongly advocated against what is referred to as Rich Monasticism. His concerns centered around the excessive wealth and material possessions that some monastic communities accumulated, which he believed detracted from the spiritual focus and simplicity essential to monastic life. Bernard, a key figure in the Cistercian reform movement, emphasized the importance of humility, poverty, and a return to the austere lifestyles that characterized earlier forms of monasticism, particularly in the Benedictine tradition.

In contrast, ascetic monasticism is centered around rigorous self-denial and discipline, which Bernard did promote in terms of spiritual fervor. Cenobitic monasticism describes communities living together under a rule, which was foundational for Bernard’s own Cistercian practices, as they sought to foster communal living and shared spiritual growth. Mendicant Orders, which arose later and focused on poverty and preaching, were not the specific target of Bernard's criticisms either, as they developed different principles from those he championed. Thus, his opposition was specifically directed toward the accumulation of wealth within monastic communities, making Rich Monasticism the correct choice.