According to the Westminster Shorter Catechism, what are God's works of providence?

The understanding of God's works of providence, as indicated in the Westminster Shorter Catechism, is centered around the belief that God is actively involved in the preservation and governance of all creatures. This emphasizes that God's providence is not simply a passive oversight but an active engagement in the world, illustrating His holiness, wisdom, and power. The phrase "holy, wise, and powerful" reinforces the idea that God's governance is perfect and driven by His character.

This view aligns with the fundamental principles of Reformed theology, which acknowledges God's sovereignty in all aspects of creation and His continuous guidance and sustaining power over everything He has made. In this context, providence encompasses all that God does to uphold and direct creation, reflecting His overarching plan and purpose.

Other options presented, while they may contain elements of truth about God's workings, do not fully encapsulate the comprehensive nature of providence as defined in the catechism. For example, miracles are specific instances of divine intervention rather than an ongoing aspect of providence. Likewise, guidance through scriptures highlights the means by which God communicates with humanity but does not address the broader concept of providential care. Lastly, the notion of creation without secondary causes touches on God's sovereignty in creation but does not encompass His ongoing